本文注释：

(1) Gideon Rachman,“China, India and the Rise of the‘Civilisation State’(March 4, 2019), Financial Times.

(2) Aris Roussinos,“The Irresistible Rise of the Civilisation-State”(August 6, 2020 ), UnHerd.

(3) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc.,1965, p.15.

(4) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.17.

(5) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.23.

(6) Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York:Simon & Schuster Inc.,1996, p.21.

(7) Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, pp.21, 36, 43.

(8) Gideon Rachman“, China, India and the Rise of the‘Civilisation State’”.

(9) Aris Roussinos,“The Irresistible Rise of the Civilisation-State”.

(10) Niall Ferguson, Civilization: The West and the Rest, London: Penguin Group, 2011, p.45

(11) 强世功:《“天下一家”vs.世界帝国:“深度全球化”与全球治理的未来》，《东方学刊》2021年冬季刊。

(12) Nathan Gadels,“The Clash of‘Civilizational States’”(November 18, 2022), Noema Magazine.

(13) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.23.

(14) [法]费尔南·布罗代尔:《文明史》，常绍民、冯棠、张文英、王明毅译，中信出版社2014年版，第xxi页。

(15) Niall Ferguson, Civilization: The West and the Rest, p.3.

(16) 习近平:《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗— 在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2022年版，第63页。

(17) Ryan Teague Beckwith“, Read President Trump’s Remarks on‘Defending Civilization’in Poland”, Time, July 6, 2017.

(18) Ryan Teague Beckwith“, Read President Trump’s Remarks on‘Defending Civilization’in Poland”.