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美参议院决议谴责中国动用武力 称为改变钓鱼岛和南海领土现状
关键字: 参议院决议动用武力改变领土现状南海东海梅内德斯火控雷达照射钓鱼岛持久战头条前天,美国参议院全体会议通过决议,声称中国为“改变领土现状”,在钓鱼岛周边及南海“威吓和动用武力”,指责中国造成“紧张程度进一步升级”。
该决议案是美国参议院本年度的第167号决议案。由外交委员会主席梅内德斯(Robert Menendez)等6个两党议员,于2013年6月10日提出。决议声称:“参议院谴责在南海和东海使用军舰、海事船只、渔船,或军用及民用飞机,来主张对领海和领土的诉求,或改变现状。”
参议院本年度第167号决议案,指责中国在东海和南海维护主权的行为
决议声称鼓励、支持地区各国通过外交途径,合作解决问题,不采用“威压、恫吓、威胁”手段,不动用武力。
决议的大部分篇幅都在以中国为例,“证明”地区局势的危险程度,指责中国是造成南海和东海“紧张程度进一步升级”的原因。
决议举例称,2011年5月,中国船只切断了越南石油勘探船的探测电缆;2012年4月,中国封锁黄岩岛;中国发布新版“九段线”地图;从2013年5月8日起,中国海军和海监船只在仁爱礁持续巡逻。
决议还提到今年1月日方多次宣扬的中国军舰“火控雷达照射”日舰,海监船只进入钓鱼岛12海里以内水域,以及5月8日《人民日报》发文“再议琉球(冲绳)”。决议指出,美国在冲绳有关键的军事设施。
决议还指出中国将钓鱼岛称为“核心利益”,在2012年9月“不适当地”划定钓鱼岛领海基线,“违背国际法”,并在钓鱼岛周边海域一直维持军事和准军事存在。
决议称亚太地区的航行自由“事关美国的国家利益”,并提到了南海“丰富的自然资源”。
美国参议院的决议还声称,美国认为钓鱼岛处于日本控制之下,这一认识“不会因第三方的单方面行动而改变”,并称美国将根据《美日安保条约》应对“任何武力攻击”。
美国参议院去年11月29日曾决定,在2013财年“国防授权法案”中增加一附加条款,明确规定美国对日防卫义务的《日美安保条约》的第五条适用于钓鱼岛。
2011年6月,美国参议院也曾一致通过决议,“强烈反对中国军舰在南海争端中使用武力”。
决议最后声称,美国“欢迎中国和平、繁荣的发展,欢迎一个尊重国际法规的政府”,“寻求推进中美新型大国关系”。
美国参议院外交委员会主席提出的决议案指责中国维护主权的行动
日本内阁官房长官菅义伟昨天表示,日方欢迎美国参议院的此项决议。他称此为美国参议院对日美安保条约的承诺,日方高度重视此决议。
菲律宾方面则早在该决议案提出数天后,就表示欢迎。
据悉,一份类似的决议案已经提交美国众议院。
目前,中国外交部尚未就美国参议院的最新决议作出表态。
中国外交部此前已多次指出,钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿自古以来就是中国的固有领土,中国对此拥有无可争辩的主权。《美日安保条约》是冷战时期的产物,不应超出双边范畴,不应损害第三方利益。
中方强调,美方曾多次表示在中日领土争端问题上不会选边站队,希望美方从本地区和平稳定大局出发,言行一致,不要发出自相矛盾的错误信号,多做有利于本地区和平稳定的事情。
至于所谓“火控雷达”照射事件,中国国防部已多次申明,日方说法不符合事实,日方蓄意抹黑中国军队,误导国际社会,别有用心。中方还强调,日方长期对中方舰机近距离跟踪监视和干扰,危害中方舰机安全,是引发中日海空安全问题的根源,中方对此掌握了充分证据。
海外华文舆论认为,钓鱼岛争议完全是日本一手造成,根本不存在中国威胁日本的问题。美国不应一方面向中国示好,另一方面却为日本霸占钓鱼岛撑腰打气,让日本继续充当美国围堵中国的“马前卒”。
有网友认为,感谢参议院费尽心机罗列中国在南海和东海的这些行动,让我们再次体会祖国维护主权的坚定决心。
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113th CONGRESS 1st Session
S. RES. 167 Reaffirming the strong support of the United States for the peaceful resolution of territorial, sovereignty, and jurisdictional disputes in the Asia-Pacific maritime domains.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES June 10, 2013
Whereas the maritime domain of the Asia-Pacific region includes critical sea lines of communication and commerce between the Pacific and Indian oceans;
Whereas the United States has a national interest in freedom of navigation and overflight in the Asia-Pacific maritime domains, as provided for by universally recognized principles of international law;
Whereas the United States has a national interest in the maintenance of peace and stability, open access by all to maritime domains, respect for universally recognized principles of international law, prosperity and economic growth, and unimpeded lawful commerce;
Whereas the United States has a clear interest in encouraging and supporting the nations of the region to work collaboratively and diplomatically to resolve disputes without coercion, without intimidation, without threats, and without the use of force;
Whereas the South China Sea contains great natural resources, and their stewardship and responsible use offers immense potential benefit for generations to come;
Whereas, in recent years, there have been numerous dangerous and destabilizing incidents in this region, including Chinese vessels cutting the seismic survey cables of a Vietnamese oil exploration ship in May 2011; Chinese vessels barricading the entrance to the Scarborough Reef lagoon in April 2012; China issuing an official map that newly defines the contested `nine-dash line' as China's national border; and, since May 8, 2013, Chinese naval and marine surveillance ships maintaining a regular presence in waters around the Second Thomas Shoal, located approximately 105 nautical miles northwest of the Philippine island of Palawan;
Whereas the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has promoted multilateral talks on disputed areas without settling the issue of sovereignty, and in 2002 joined with China in signing a Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea that committed all parties to those territorial disputes to `reaffirm their respect for and commitment to the freedom of navigation in and over flight above the South China Sea as provided for by the universally recognized principles of international law' and to `resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, without resorting to the threat or use of force';
Whereas Japan and Taiwan reached an agreement on April 10, 2013, to jointly share and administer the fishing resources in their overlapping claimed exclusive economic zones in the East China Sea, an important breakthrough after 17 years of negotiations and a model for other such agreements;
Whereas other incidences of the joint administrations of resources in disputed waters in the South China Sea have de-escalated tensions and promoted economic development, such as Malaysia and Brunei's 2009 agreement to partner on exploring offshore Brunei waters, with drilling in offshore oil and gas fields off Brunei beginning in 2011; and Thailand and Vietnam's agreement to jointly develop areas of the Gulf of Thailand for gas exports, despite ongoing territorial disputes;
Whereas the Government of the Republic of the Philippines states that it `has exhausted almost all political and diplomatic avenues for a peaceful negotiated settlement of its maritime dispute with China' and in his statement of January 23, 2013, Republic of Philippines Secretary of Foreign Affairs Del Rosario stated that therefore `the Philippines has taken the step of bringing China before the Arbitral Tribunal under Article 287 and Annex VII of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to achieve a peaceful and durable solution to the dispute';
Whereas, in January 2013, a Chinese naval ship allegedly fixed its weapons-targeting radar on Japanese vessels in the vicinity of the Senkaku islands, and, on April 23, 2013, eight Chinese marine surveillance ships entered the 12-nautical-mile territorial zone off the Senkaku Islands, further escalating regional tensions;
Whereas, on May 8, 2013, the Chinese Communist Party's main newspaper, The People's Daily, published an article by several Chinese scholars questioning Japan's sovereignty over Okinawa, where key United States military installations are located which contribute to preserving security and stability in the Asia-Pacific region;
Whereas the Government of the People's Republic of China has recently taken other unilateral steps, including declaring the Senkaku Islands a `core interest', `improperly drawing' baselines around the Senkaku Islands in September 2012, which the 2013 Annual Report to Congress on Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China found to be `inconsistent with international law', and maintaining a continuous military and paramilitary presence around the Senkaku Islands;
Whereas, although the United States does not take a position on the ultimate sovereignty of the Senkaku Islands, the United States Government acknowledges that they are under the administration of Japan and opposes any unilateral actions that would seek to undermine such administration, affirms that the unilateral actions of a third party will not affect the United States acknowledgment of the administration of Japan over the Senkaku Islands, remains committed under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security to respond to any armed attack in the territories under the administration of Japan, and has urged all parties to take steps to prevent incidents and manage disagreements through peaceful means;
Whereas, on August 3, 2012, a Department of State spokesperson expressed concern over `China's upgrading of the administrative level of Sansha City and the establishment of a new military garrison there,' encouraged ASEAN and China `to make meaningful progress toward finalizing a comprehensive Code of Conduct,' and called upon claimants to `explore every diplomatic or other peaceful avenue for resolution, including the use of arbitration or other international legal mechanisms as needed';
Whereas the United States recognizes the importance of strong, cohesive, and integrated regional institutions, including the East Asia Summit (EAS), ASEAN, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, as foundation for effective regional frameworks to promote peace and security and economic growth, including in the maritime domain, and to ensure that the Asia-Pacific community develops rules-based regional norms which discourage coercion and the use of force;
Whereas the United States welcomes the development of a peaceful and prosperous China, the government of which respects international norms, international laws, international institutions, and international rules; enhances security and peace; and seeks to advance a `new model' of relations between the United States and China; and
Whereas ASEAN plays an important role, in partnership with others in the regional and international community, in addressing maritime security issues in the Asia-Pacific region and into the Indian Ocean, including open access to the maritime domain of Asia: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
(1) condemns the use of coercion, threats, or force by naval, maritime security, or fishing vessels and military or civilian aircraft in the South China Sea and the East China Sea to assert disputed maritime or territorial claims or alter the status quo;
(2) strongly urges that all parties to maritime and territorial disputes in the region exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would undermine stability or complicate or escalate disputes, including refraining from inhabiting presently uninhabited islands, reefs, shoals, and other features and handle their differences in a constructive manner;
(3) reaffirms the strong support of the United States for the member states of ASEAN and the Government of the People's Republic of China as they seek to develop a code of conduct of parties in the South China Sea, and urges all countries to substantively support ASEAN in its efforts in this regard;
(4) supports collaborative diplomatic processes by all claimants in the South China Sea for resolving outstanding maritime or territorial disputes, in a manner that maintains peace and security, adheres to international law, and protects unimpeded lawful commerce as well as freedom of navigation and overflight, and including through international arbitration, allowing parties to peacefully settle claims and disputes using universally recognized principles of international law;
(5) encourages the deepening of efforts by the United States Government to develop partnerships with other countries in the region for maritime domain awareness and capacity building; and
(6) supports the continuation of operations by the United States Armed Forces in the Western Pacific, including in partnership with the armed forces of other countries in the region, in support of freedom of navigation, the maintenance of peace and stability, and respect for universally recognized principles of international law, including the peaceful resolution of issues of sovereignty and unimpeded lawful commerce.
(综合环球时报、中新网、GlobalPost、美国参院官网等)
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