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谈及中美贸易摩擦,中国常驻WTO代表团大使张向晨连用两个反问句
关键字: 商务部张向晨中美贸易摩擦WTOWTO代表常驻WTO代表团大使常驻WTO大使中美在经贸领域显然存在利益交集,但需要以诚意来寻找。习近平主席多次强调,“太平洋足够大,容得下中美两国的共同发展”。
There are evidently common interests between China and the U.S. in areas of economics and trade, but the common interests can only be found with good faith. President Xi Jinping has emphasized that “the Pacific Ocean is broad enough to accommodate the development of both China and the United States.”
举起大棒,是错误地对待别人的问题,放下大棒,才能正确地面对自己的问题。中美两国之间很多问题具有复杂性,通过沟通、谈判解决彼此的贸易关注是一项长期的任务。
By raising up the stick, one is wrongfully treating the concerns of others. By putting down the stick, one is rightly facing its own problems. There are quite many issues that are complicated between China and the U.S. It will be a long-term task to address concerns of each side through consultations and negotiations.
短期内,我也相信中美有足够的智慧找到办法解决双边经贸关系中的紧迫问题,拭目以待。
For the time being, I also believe that the two sides have enough wisdom to find solutions to the pressing issues in the bilateral economic and trade ties. Let us keep our fingers crossed.
4、彭博社:你认为世贸组织面临着一场生存危机吗?多边主义处于危险之中?
Do you believe the WTO is facing an existential crisis? Is mutilateralism at peril?
张向晨大使:从《关贸总协定》到世贸组织,多边贸易体制一直是推动自由贸易和促进经济发展的最佳平台。它也为二战以来美国的长期繁荣作出了重要贡献。
From GATT to WTO, the multilateral trading system has been proven to be the most valuable and important platform in promoting free trade and achieving economic development, and it has also contributed remarkably to the prosperity of the U.S. since the 1940s.
目前,世贸组织正遭受“三重打击”,美国阻挠新上诉机构成员遴选,援引国内法的“232条款”采取贸易限制措施,在“301条款”下威胁对来自中国的500亿美元进口产品加征关税。
Currently, the WTO is confronted with “three hard blows." The U.S. is blocking selection of new appellate body members, taking restrictive trade measures under Section 232 and threatening to impose tariffs on $50 billion of goods imported from China under Section 301 of U.S. domestic law.
其中任何一项行动,若不及时解决,都将严重影响世贸组织的正常运行,甚至使之陷入瘫痪。同时,世贸组织还面临着三大挑战:维护核心价值、履行基本职能和探索制订新规。
Any one of these, if left untreated, will fatally undermine the functioning of the WTO. In the meantime, the WTO is also facing “three main challenges” -- safeguarding its core values, fulfilling its basic functions and exploring new trade rules.
空气和水是人生存之本,但人们却仅在稀缺的时候方知其珍贵。危机使很多世贸成员产生了危机感,也更清楚地认识到多边贸易体制的重要性。这对于帮助世贸组织走出困境是有意义的。
Air and water are critical for survival, but we seldom notice them unless they become scarce. The current situation faced by the WTO has given many members a sense of crisis, making them increasingly realize the importance of the multilateral trading system. This sense of crisis is essential to getting the WTO out of the difficulties.
但是,危机转化为机遇是需要条件的,这些条件尚不完全具备:
However, in order to transform crisis into opportunity, there must be certain conditions in place. For now, these conditions are not yet met.
首先,各方要联手抵制保护主义,这一点正得到越来越多成员的响应;
First, all members should lock arm against protectionism. It is heartening to see that more and more members have joined this army of solidarity.
其次,要通过协商,恢复世贸组织功能的正常运转;
Second, it is imperative to resume WTO full functions through consultations.
第三,要与时俱进,探索新领域的新规则,反映工商界的普遍诉求。
Third, it is necessary to stay relevant by exploring new rules in new areas, responding to the aspirations of the business community.
后两点,特别是第三点,还有相当长的路要走。
In terms of the latter two points, particularly the third one mentioned above, there is still a long way go.
5、彭博社:本月早些时候在北京结束的中美高层贸易谈判表明双方差距巨大。据说美国已要求中国在2020年前将贸易顺差至少减少2000亿美元,并且不得对美国拟议的关税措施进行报复。这些要求是否符合WTO规则?中国接受这些要求的可能性有多大?
The high-level trade talks between China and the U.S. that ended earlier this month in Beijing showed how far apart the two sides are. The U.S. is said to have asked China to cut its trade surplus by at least $200 billion by the end of 2020 and to refrain from retaliation against its proposed U.S. tariffs. Are these demands in line with WTO rules? How likely is it for China to accept the requests?
张向晨大使:我相信不少朋友在关注中美高层贸易谈判。在多边贸易体制上,曾有过极个别“进口承诺”的事例。这种做法违反世贸组织“非歧视原则”,早已成为历史陈迹。而所谓的“自愿出口限制”,毫无例外地都不是“自愿”的,也为多边纪律所不容。
I know that many readers are closely following the Sino-U.S. high-level trade negotiations. In the history of the multilateral trading system, there have been few instances of "import commitments." Such practice has clearly violated the "non-discrimination principle" of the GATT, and therefore has long been abandoned. So-called "voluntary export restrictions" have never been "voluntary" no matter how you look at it, which has also been prohibited by multilateral disciplines.
美国一方面指责中国政府干预经济,一方面又要求中国以政府命令方式增加进口、限制出口、减少过剩产能,这在逻辑上是说不通的。
It doesn’t make any sense that the U.S. is blaming the Chinese Government for state intervention on the one hand, while pressing China, by way of issuing government orders, to increase imports, restrict exports, and reduce excess capacity on the other hand.
贸易是你情我愿的交易,政府可以做一些贸易促进工作,但不能用枪顶着企业去做。
Trade is essentially a business deal by freedom of contract. You can lead a horse to the water, but you can’t make it drink. Likewise, governments can make efforts to promote trade, but cannot force companies to do business by pointing a gun at their heads.
6、彭博社:除了报复性关税之外,中国还有什么工具可以抵消美国对中国1500亿美元产品加征关税威胁?
Aside from retaliatory tariffs, what tools does China have for counteraction should the U.S. follow through on its threats of tariffs on $150 billion of Chinese products?
张向晨大使:作为一个大国,中国的政策工具箱里当然会有“十八般兵器”,但绝不会轻易使用。用不用、用哪件、何时用,需要根据形势发展而定,但目的只有一个,恢复正常的贸易秩序,“止戈为武”。
As a major country, China certainly has a full set of tools in its policy toolbox, just like the “eighteen main weapons of Chinese martial arts.” But we would not use them easily. As for whether and when to use the tools, or which one is picked, we will make our own decision in light of the situation. The ultimate and only purpose of using the tools is to restore the normal order of trade. As an old Chinese saying goes, force is to be used only for the maintenance of peace and order.
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- 最后更新: 2018-05-16 22:16:20
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